White House asserts executive privilege in Holder case

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Obama administration on Wednesday defied the Republican-led U.S. House of Representatives, invoking a claim of executive privilege as it refused to turn over some documents related to a Mexican gun-running operation.

The move prompted the House Oversight and Government Operations Committee to go ahead with plans to vote on charging U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder with contempt of Congress.

The exchange set up yet another constitutional confrontation - the Supreme Court battle over health care and immigration being the others - between Republicans and the White House.

The "Fast and Furious" operation was meant to help federal law enforcement agents follow the flow of guns from Arizona into Mexico, where they were thought to fall into the hands of violent Mexican drug cartels.

But U.S. agents lost track of many of those weapons, which later were involved in crimes, including the shooting death of U.S. Border Patrol agent Brian Terry. Fast and Furious ran from late 2009 until early 2011.

Word of the botched operation prompted Congress to investigate the Obama administration's handling of it.

Historically, Congress has had considerable difficulty enforcing contempt citations and has ultimately relied on negotiated settlements following protracted litigation to get the information it has sought.

The Democratic president and congressional Republicans have battled since January, 2011, over everything from budget and tax policy to healthcare, immigration and keeping basic government services running.

Tensions between President Barack Obama and Republicans in Congress are expected to only worsen as the November 6 presidential and congressional elections come closer.

More broadly, the dispute is one of dozens over the past half century between the Congress and the White House, pitting Congress's investigative authority against the president's privilege to protect internal communications. An administration official noted that President George W. Bush asserted executive privilege six times while President Bill Clinton asserted it 14 times to protect documents.

Many of the struggles have wound up in the federal courts. Others have led to negotiated agreements.

'ALL SHOW'

One of the problems Congress faces in these situations is the unwillingness of the Department of Justice to let its prosecutors enforce contempt citations against the executive branch, forcing Congress itself to bring suit in the courts on its own.

"This is all show," said former House General Counsel Stanley Brand. "There's no way to enforce these subpoenas. I know the press likes to say, 'Contempt. Contempt.' The fact is that in the last 35 years, no Department of Justice will prosecute an executive branch official under the contempt statute, period."

He noted that when a Democratic Congress tried to pursue contempt charges against Bush Administration, the House had to file a civil law suit that "that took 2-plus years of litigation and they settled it. The chest beating about contempt is silly, because everyone knows it's not going to get enforced."

Holder has argued that over the past few months the Justice Department has largely cooperated with Congress by turning over a substantial number of documents to the Republican-led House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.

But committee Chairman Darrell Issa has countered that the Obama administration has been slow to respond to a committee subpoena and has withheld important documents.

"I write now to inform you that the president has asserted executive privilege over relevant ... documents," Deputy Attorney General James Cole wrote to the committee.

Executive privilege allows the White House to argue that some private communications between the president and members of his administration cannot be divulged to Congress.

Holder, in a letter to Obama, set out familiar legal arguments in support of the executive privilege claim. "I am very concerned," he wrote, "that the compelled production to Congress of internal Executive Branch documents generated in the course of the deliberative process ... would have significant damaging consequences" that would "inhibit the candor" of White House deliberations now and in the future.

Issa responded by saying, "This untimely assertion by the Justice Department falls short of any reason to delay today's proceedings."

If the House panel votes to charge Holder with contempt, it would then be up to the full House to decide whether to bring that charge against the nation's top law enforcement officer.

The process could take months or even years of court battles and further poison the political atmosphere in a presidential election year.

For months, the committee and the Justice Department have been in negotiations over documents related to federal law enforcement's handling of Fast and Furious.

In his letter, Cole stated, "The Department has substantially complied with the outstanding subpoena." He said the documents being withheld "pertain to sensitive law enforcement activities, including ongoing criminal investigations and prosecutions" or were "generally not appropriate for disclosure."

But Michael Steel, a spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner said, "Until now, everyone believed that the decisions regarding ?Fast and Furious' were confined to the Department of Justice." He added, "The White House decision to invoke executive privilege implies that White House officials were either involved in the Fast and Furious operation or the cover-up that followed."

(Additional reporting by James Vicini, Drew Singer and Laura McInnis; Editing by Will Dunham, Fred Barbash and Vicki Allen)

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